Creating 3D Isometric view of various structural elements in AutoCAD

Aim:- To create a 3D Isometric view of various structural element

Introduction:-

Floor Plan

• Floor plan is a type of drawing that shows the layout of a home or property from above
• Planning of a building gives the idea about the building how the building will be done in future
• Planning plays an important role in the civil engineering because without this planning we can't determine structural element
• Planning may be residential, public or commercial  building

Section:-

• Its used to see the cross section of the building

Elevation:-

• It's used to see the view of a building in a software before the construction

AutoCAD:-

It is essential to draft the geometry

The different tools required in this drafts are line  (L), fillet (F), offset (O), Hatching (H) and Hatch edit (HE), trim (TR), Extrude (EXT), 3D Move (3DM), 3D Orbit (3DO), 3D Rotate (3DROTATE), Subtract (SUB), Solid edit (SOLIDEDIT), Loft (LOFT), Rectangle (REC), Circle (C), Boundary (BO), Render (RR).

Procedure:-

• Go to start menu, click on Start drawing
• Type stratup (Enter) in command line 
• Enter the new value of start up:1
• Go to application menu and select new or type new in command line
• In the "create new drawing" dialogue box contains imperial  type of systems and metric type of system 
• We select the metric system in the "start from scratch" option
• After that in Advance setup option select the decimal unit system in the units 

The above procedure should be followed every time when the new sheet is opened 

                               

                               Entering the start up command in the command line       

            

                             

                             Entering the value 1 for the start up

 

                                    

                            When we go to the new file then we get this file select the metric from start from scratch

              

                            

                           Then advance setup setting should be done by clicking OK 

 

                                 

                          Keep the units in decimal and adjust precision then click next            

 

                           

                           Keep angle in decimal degree and adjust precision then click next

 

                             

                          Select the angle measurement in east and click on next                    

                          

                            Select angle direction in counter clockwise and click on next

 

                           

                           Keep the width as 12m and length of 9m as default and click on finish

 

 

Aim:- To draft the 3D Isometric view of a building plan and elevation

                                         

                                             

Procedure:-

By using direct distance entry method

• Here all the units are in Imperial (feets and inches)
• Go to 2D wire frame keep the view at top
• Draw a line having a length 10'-9" by using a line command (L) in +ve x- direction
• Again draw a line having a length 10'-9" by using a line command (L) in -ve y-direction
• Take a offset of 9" to from the both 10'-9" +ve x-direction and -ve y-direction line
• Draw a line having length 9" at the left end of the 10'-9" +ve x-direction line in -ve y-direction
• Take a offset of 3'-5", 3'-2" and 4'-2" from the  9" line in +ve x-direction
• Draw a line having length 9" at the bottom end of the 10'-9" -ve y-direction line in -ve x-direction
• Take a offset of 3'-6", 3'-0" and 4'-3" from the  9" line in +ve x-direction
• Here 3'-2" and 3'-0" dimension lines are window portion

                                

                                                     Plan of a building

 

 

 

Elevation

• Take a boundary command (BO) pick up the regions which has to be extrude
• Use a extrude command to extrude the wall upto a height of 10'-0"

                                     

                                                                                   Elevation at A-A

                                 

                                                                                 Elevation at B-B

 

Windows

Window 3'-2"x4'-0"

• Draw a rectangle having a dimension 3'-2"x4'-0" by using a rectangle command (REC)
• Take a offset of 2" inside that rectangle and take offset 3" again from the offseted rectangle 2"
• Use a 3 different layers for Outer frame, mullion and glass
• While taking a extrusion use their respective layers
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Outer frame upto a 4"
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Mullion upto a 2"
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Glass upto a 2"
• Make a 3 copy of the extrude window
• In 1st copy delete the glass and substract the mullion from the outer frame
• In 2nd copy delete outer frame and substract the glass from the mullion
• In 3rd copy delete outer frame, mullion then you will get a glass
• Place these copies properly in order outer frame, mullion and glass
• Place this window properly on the substracted wall
• This is for section B-B

Window 3'-0"x4'-0"

• Draw a rectangle having a dimension 3'-0"x4'-0" by using a rectangle command (REC)
• Take a offset of 2" inside that rectangle and take offset 3" again from the offseted rectangle 2"
• Use a 3 different layers for Outer frame, mullion and glass
• While taking a extrusion use their respective layers
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Outer frame upto a 4"
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Mullion upto a 2"
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Glass upto a 2"
• Make a 3 copy of the extrude window
• In 1st copy delete the glass and substract the mullion from the outer frame
• In 2nd copy delete outer frame and substract the glass from the mullion
• In 3rd copy delete outer frame, mullion then you will get a glass
• Place these copies properly in order outer frame, mullion and glass
• Place this window properly on the substracted wall
• This is for section A-A

Result:-

 

                                          

                                                                                   Elevation at A-A

                                 

                                                                                 Elevation at B-B

 

 

Aim:- To draft the 3D Isometric view of a building facade plan and elevation

                                              

 

                                                            

Procedure:-

By using direct distance entry method

• Here all the units are in Imperial (feets and inches)
• Go to 2D wire frame keep the view at top
• Draw a line having a length 10'-9" by using a line command (L) in -ve y-direction
• Again draw a line having a length 6'-9" by using a line command (L) in +ve x-direction
• Draw a line having a length 10'-9" by using a line command (L) in +ve y-direction
• Take a offset of 9" to from the both 10'-9" -ve y-direction, 6'-9" +ve x-direction line and 10'-9"in +ve y-direction
• Draw a line having length 9" at the right of the 10'-9" -ve y-direction line in +ve x-direction
• Take a offset of 1'-11", 3'-0" and 1'-11" from the  9" line in +ve x-direction
• Here 3'-0" dimension lines is window portion

                                          

                                                                   Plan of a building facade

 

Ground floor

Elevation

• Take a boundary command (BO) pick up the regions which has to be extrude
• Use a extrude command to extrude the wall upto a height of 8'-8" which is upto tip of the window
• Substract the wall which has a window, the window sill level is 4'-6" and height is 4'-2"

                         

Window 3'-0"x4'-2"

• Draw a rectangle having a dimension 3'-0"x4'-2" by using a rectangle command (REC)
• Take a offset of 2" inside that rectangle and take offset 3" again from the offseted rectangle 2"
• Use a 3 different layers for Outer frame, mullion and glass
• While taking a extrusion use their respective layers
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Outer frame upto a 4"
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Mullion upto a 2"
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Glass upto a 2"
• Make a 3 copy of the extrude window
• In 1st copy delete the glass and substract the mullion from the outer frame
• In 2nd copy delete outer frame and substract the glass from the mullion
• In 3rd copy delete outer frame, mullion then you will get a glass
• Place these copies properly in order outer frame, mullion and glass
• Place this window properly on the substracted wall

 

First floor

Elevation

• Copy elevation from ground floor then change the extrude value
• Substract the wall which has a window, the window sill level is 5'-11" and height is 4'-0" from the upper tip of the Ground floor window

                                     

Window 3'-0"x4'-0"

• Draw a rectangle having a dimension 3'-0"x4'-0" by using a rectangle command (REC)
• Take a offset of 2" inside that rectangle and take offset 3" again from the offseted rectangle 2"
• Use a 3 different layers for Outer frame, mullion and glass
• While taking a extrusion use their respective layers
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Outer frame upto a 4"
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Mullion upto a 2"
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Glass upto a 2"
• Make a 3 copy of the extrude window
• In 1st copy delete the glass and substract the mullion from the outer frame
• In 2nd copy delete outer frame and substract the glass from the mullion
• In 3rd copy delete outer frame, mullion then you will get a glass
• Place these copies properly in order outer frame, mullion and glass
• Place this window properly on the substracted wall

 

Second floor

Elevation

• Copy elevation from first floor
• Substract the wall which has a window, the window sill level is 5'-11" and height is 4'-0" from the upper tip of the First floor window

                                              

Window 3'-0"x4'-0"

• Draw a rectangle having a dimension 3'-0"x4'-0" by using a rectangle command (REC)
• Take a offset of 2" inside that rectangle and take offset 3" again from the offseted rectangle 2"
• Use a 3 different layers for Outer frame, mullion and glass
• While taking a extrusion use their respective layers
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Outer frame upto a 4"
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Mullion upto a 2"
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Glass upto a 2"
• Make a 3 copy of the extrude window
• In 1st copy delete the glass and substract the mullion from the outer frame
• In 2nd copy delete outer frame and substract the glass from the mullion
• In 3rd copy delete outer frame, mullion then you will get a glass
• Place these copies properly in order outer frame, mullion and glass
• Place this window properly on the substracted wall

 

Third floor

Elevation

• Copy elevation from Second floor
• Substract the wall which has a window, the window sill level is 5'-11" and height is 4'-0" from the upper tip of the Second floor window

                                          

Window 3'-0"x4'-0"

• Draw a rectangle having a dimension 3'-0"x4'-0" by using a rectangle command (REC)
• Take a offset of 2" inside that rectangle and take offset 3" again from the offseted rectangle 2"
• Use a 3 different layers for Outer frame, mullion and glass
• While taking a extrusion use their respective layers
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Outer frame upto a 4"
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Mullion upto a 2"
• Use a extrude command to extrude the Glass upto a 2"
• Make a 3 copy of the extrude window
• In 1st copy delete the glass and substract the mullion from the outer frame
• In 2nd copy delete outer frame and substract the glass from the mullion
• In 3rd copy delete outer frame, mullion then you will get a glass
• Place these copies properly in order outer frame, mullion and glass
• Place this window properly on the substracted wall

Parapet wall

Elevation

• Copy elevation from Third floor then change the extrude value
• Here the wall thickness is 9"
• Height of the wall is 2'-5" above the Third floor window in +ve y-direction
• Again copy the 2'-5" wall to upside the heigth of the wall should be 6'-5" in +ve y-direction
• Here the wall thickness 4.5"

                           

 

Result:-

                                                                

 

 

 

Aim:- To draft the Isometric 3D view of stairs

                                    

            

Procedure:-

By using direct distance entry method

• Here all the units are in Imperial (feets and inches)
• Go to 2D wire frame keep the view at top
• Draw a rectangle having a dimension 3'x3' by using a rectangle command (REC)
• Explode the rectangle by using a explode command (EX) 
• Take a offset of 1' from the exploded rectangle bottom line, the offset should be continue upto 9 times till it reaches the 12' in -ve y-direction

                                                

                                                           Plan of a stair

 

Elevation

• Take a line command and draw a riser and thread of the stair 
• The dimension of the thread is 1' and dimension of the riser is 6"
• There is a 10 riser and 9 thread
• The waist slab having a depth of 4" at the midlanding and depth 6" at the first riser
• Take a boundary command (BO) pick up the regions which has to be extrude
• Use a extrude command to extrude the wall upto a width of 3'-0"
• Draw a rectangle having a dimension 2"x2" for the stair baluster
• Place this baluster at every sides of the thread 
• Take a boundary command (BO) pick up the regions which has to be extrude
• Use a extrude command to extrude the wall upto a height of 3'-2"
• Draw a line in the mid point of the every baluster to create a railings
• Draw a rectangle having a dimension 2"x2" for the stair railing
• Use a sweep command to create that railing first click on sweep object then click on the path of the sweep
• Then railings are created at left and right sides

                             

                                                             Elevation of a stair

Result:-

 

                                    

                                                                         Elevation of a stair

 

Layers used for building plan and elevation, building facade plan and elevation and stairs are

• Building facade - ACI 20
• Dimension - Yellow
• Building view - ACI 11
• Stairs - ACI 80

For window

• Outer frame - Red
• Mullion - ACI 31
• Glass -  ACI 120

Layers used for building plan and elevation, building facade plan and elevation and stairs

 

 

Aim:- To draft the Isometric 3D view of wall spread footing

Procedure:-

By using direct distance entry method

• Here all the units are in metric (millimeters)
• Go to 2D wire frame keep the view at top
• Draw a line having a length 7500mm by using a line command (L)
• Take a offset of 230mm from the 7500mm line 
• Draw a line having length of 230mm at the end of the 7500 line and 230mm offseted line
• Take a offset of 100mm, 100mm and 200mm to both left and right side from the 7500 line and 230mm offseted line
• Hatch a wall hatch to the wall which has a 230mm width and Hatch the concrete to the PCC bed
• Take a offset of 3300mm,900mm,3300 from the 230mm line only in the wall portion
• Draw a chejja near the door

                                                

                                                                    Plan of spread footing

 

Section:-

• Draw a line having length 1030mm which is a base in +ve x-direction
• Draw a  line having length 300mm in +ve y-direction
• Draw a line having length 1030mm in -ve x-direction
• Draw a  line having length 300mm in -ve y-direction
• Draw a  line having length 200mm from 1030mm line in -ve x-direction
• Draw a  line having length 400mm from 200mm line in +ve y-direction
• Draw a  line having length 100mm from 400mm line in -ve x-direction
• Draw a  line having length 400mm from 100mm line in +ve y-direction
• Draw a  line having length 100mm from 400mm line in -ve x-direction
• Draw a  line having length 600mm from 100mm line in +ve y-direction
• Use a mirror command (MI) mirror this half portion to left side in -ve x-direction
• Draw a line having length 230mm from the 600mm line to 600mm line
• Take a offset of 50mm from the 230mm line to +ve y-direction
• Take a offset of 2100mm from the offseted 50mm line in +ve y-direction
• Take a offset of 150mm from the offseted 2100mm line in +ve y-direction
• Take a offset of 3300mm from the offseted 50mm line in +ve y-direction
• Take a offset of 150mm from the offseted 3300mm line in +ve y-direction
• Take a offset of 590mm from the offseted 150mm line in +ve y-direction
• Draw a line from the 50mm offseted line to slab having length 3300mm in +ve y-direction
• Use a mirror command (MI) mirror this half portion to left side in -ve x-direction
• Take a boundary command (BO) pick up the regions which has to be extrude
• Use a extrude command to extrude that region upto a height of 7500mm

                                        

 

Create a chejja by using a line command L

• Draw a line having 800mm from the 2100mm offseted line in -ve x-direction
• Draw a line having 50mm from the 800mm  line in +ve y-direction
• Take a offset of 100mm from the 800mm line then join the 50mm line and offseted 100mm line
• Take a boundary command (BO) pick up the regions which has to be extrude
• Use a extrude command to extrude that region upto a height of 7500mm

                                        

Create a door 

• Draw a mid line inside the 2100mm region
• Take a offset of 20mm left side and right side in +ve x-direction and -ve x-direction
• Take a boundary command (BO) pick up the regions which has to be extrude
• Use a extrude command to extrude that region upto a height of 7500mm

                                       

 

Create a parapet wall

• Draw a line having a distance 509mm in +ve y-direction
• Draw a line having a distance 100mm from the 509mm line in -ve x-direction
• Take a offset of 115mm from the 509mm line in +ve x-direction
• Join the lines
• Take a boundary command (BO) pick up the regions which has to be extrude
• Use a extrude command to extrude that region upto a height of 7500mm

                            

 

At last section is like

                               

                                                                                 Section

 

Hatch a wall hatch to the wall which has a 230mm width and Hatch the concrete to the PCC bed

Materials and layers

          Use a materials and layers for the section

• PCC - Exposed aggregate fine - ACI 40
• Foundation - Exposed aggregate fine - ACI 20
• 3D Wall - Brindle -Red
• Door - Yellow pine wood - Magenta
• Lintel - Sienna - ACI 150
• Slab - Sienna - ACI 31
• Parapet wall - Sienna - ACI 11 

                                                              Layers for spread footing

 

                                         Materials for spread footing

 

After applying all the materials

• The web light is inserted here which has a intensity 80,000Cd and the filtered colour is 252,253,226
• Light is targeted to door
• Target X,Y and Z axis is 50075mm, 2000mm, -24337mm respectively
• Take a rendered view of a section by using a command RR
• Save the view in jpge formate

                                                             Light used for rendring

 

Result:-

 

                                Rendred view of a section in side view

 

The drawing file for all these drawings are mentioned below