Medical Instrumentation and Biomedical Signals
RELATED RECENT PLACEMENTS
DHIRAJ KADAM
Tech Mahindra
MIT Group of Institutions Aurangabad
Mukesh Kanna S
Tech Mahindra
Panimalar Engineering College
SATHIYA MOORTHY A
Tech Mahindra
Apollo Engineering College
G Harish Jairaj
IIT Madras
Velammal Engineering College
Gorle Balaram
Relaince Jio
Sri Venkateswara College Of Engineering & Technology
Prakash Shukla
Escorts
Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur (U.P.)
Gunashekar Srinivas
Equilibrium Solutions
Vellore Institute of Technology - VIT Chennai
Durga Varaprasad
Tata Elxsi
Osmania University Hyderabad
Syllabus
This course is full of best-in-class content by leading faculty and industry experts in the form of videos and projects
Course Overview
Medical instruments are at the heart of the healthcare industry as they are used in the diagnosis and treatment of a broad-spectrum of diseases. By interfacing with the human body through detecting biosignals, medical instruments enhance the provision of monitored prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. There are constant developments in the medical instrumentation industry, with an exponential rise foreseen in upcoming years. This opens up a wide range of opportunities for budding engineers seeking to work in the biomedical industry.
By taking this course, learners will
- Understand the fundamentals of medical instrumentation and gain knowledge on a wide array of devices used in hospitals.
- Understand how bioelectrical signals are detected and processed.
- Be exposed to advancements in medical robotics and machine learning algorithms in the healthcare industry.
- Complete projects that require students to think from the perspective of a medical professional.
- Research on advancements in robotic surgeries.
Who can enrol in this course?
Students and working professionals with a background in biomedical engineering can enrol in this course.
Course Syllabus
On a daily basis we talk to companies in the likes of Tata Elxsi and Mahindra to fine tune our curriculum.
Module 1 - Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation
Biomedical instrumentation includes devices that measure electrical signals from the body. These devices use sensors to detect biological signals that are then processed and interpreted to study, diagnose, and treat patients. It is important for learners to understand the parts in a biomedical instrumentation system, and the accuracy of measurement involved.
This module will cover
- What biomedical instrumentation is
- Components of the biomedical instrumentation system
- Static and dynamic characteristics of instrumentation
- Measurement accuracy
- Measurement and development of standards
Module 2 - Bioelectric Signals
Bioelectric signals are electrical signals generated from living beings. These signals vary with time and are low in frequency and amplitude. A few examples of bioelectric signals include galvanic skin response, EEG, ECG, and EOG signals. Bioelectric signals are the measurand in the biomedical instrumentation system, as sensors will detect these signals for further processing. It is important for learners to understand the sources of bioelectric signals from the human body, and how they interface with biomedical instrumentation.
This module will cover
- What bioelectric signals are
- How biomedical signals are generated
- Man-instrument system block diagram
Module 3 - Biomedical Transducers
After biosignals are detected by sensors, transducers convert these signals into electrical signals that can be processed by the biomedical instrument. There are many different transducers used in biomedical applications. It is important for learners to understand the properties and classifications of transducers.
This module will cover
- Transducer and its characteristics
- Types of transducers
- Common transducers for physiological signals
Module 4 - Different Types of Bioelectric Signals with Waveforms
Bioelectric signals are recorded as waveforms. Oftentimes, noise and interference disrupt these signals and result in unclear waveforms. Amplifiers such as operational amplifiers are used to increase the integrity of the biosignal. There are also filters used to reduce noise disruption. It is important for learners to understand bioelectric signals, their corresponding waveforms, and noise interruptions.
This module will cover
- ECG, EEG, EMG, EOG, ERG, PCG, PPG, EGG, Capnogram, VCG
- Biopotential electrodes and their types
- Common noise associated with biomedical signals
- Introduction to operational amplifiers (Op-amps), their characteristics, and basic configuration
Module 5 - Biopotential Amplifiers
As biosignals have a low amplitude, biopotential amplifiers are used to enhance the strength of the signal. By doing this, the signal can clearly be processed and recorded for interpretation. It is important for learners to understand the different biopotential amplifiers, and the signal processing involved.
This module will cover
- Biopotential amplifiers
- Signal conditioning circuits for noise processing (active filters)
- Isolation circuits
- Instrumentation amplifier ICs and analog front end ICs
Module 6 - ECG and EEG Acquisition Systems
The electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) are instruments used to measure bioelectric signals. While the ECG records bioelectric signals generated by the heart, the EEG records electrical activity in the brain. Both instruments have electrodes that are placed on the surface of the body to acquire the signals. These signals are recorded and interpreted by medical professionals for diagnostic purposes. It is important for learners to understand the working of the ECG and EEG in acquiring bioelectric signals.
This module will cover
- ECG lead configuration
- ECG machine
- Multipara monitoring system
- EEG machine
- Parameters of respiration and spirometer
Module 7 - Hemodialysis Machine
The hemodialysis machine is used when a patient’s kidneys are damaged or not functional. This machine works by drawing blood out of the body and filtering it just like the kidney would. After the blood is filtered, it gets sent back inside the body. It is important for learners to understand the basics of the renal system and the process of dialysis.
This module will cover
- Dialysis
- Renal system and its functions
- What dialysis is and why it is needed
- Glomerular filtration rate
- Filtration factor
- Renal clearance
- Types of renal replacement therapy
- Hemodialysis
- Working principle
- Hemodialysis machine
- Types of hemodialysis
- Peritoneal dialysis
- Artificial kidney
- Impact on healthcare and economics
Module 8 - Electric Impulse Generator
Electric impulse generators produce surges of current or voltage in the form of electric impulses. There are many devices in the healthcare industry that use these generated electric impulses for therapeutic or rehabilitative purposes. It is important for learners to understand the different biomedical applications of electric impulses, and the working of devices that generate them.
This module will cover
- What an electric impulse generator is
- Cardiac pacemaker
- Natural pacemaker of the heart
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Artificial pacemaker
- External and temporary pacing
- Implantable cardiac pacemaker
- Cardiac defibrillator
- Neuro-stimulator
- Non-invasive neurostimulation
- Transcranial electrical stimulation
- Invasive neurostimulation
Module 9 - Ventilator Machine and Oxygen Concentrator
Artificial ventilation is when patients receive support to respire. Ventilator machines are an example of this as they aid in the process of breathing when patients cannot do so themselves. Another device that provides support when breathing is an oxygen concentrator. This device provides an additional source of oxygen to patients. It is important for learners to understand the working principle of different methods of artificial ventilation and oxygen concentrators.
- This module will cover
- Artificial Ventilation
- What artificial ventilation is
- Types of artificial ventilation
- Ventilator machine
- Goal of mechanical ventilation
- Working principle of ventilator machine
- Modes of ventilator machine
- 10 maxims of ventilator design
- Open-source ventiators
- Oxygen concentrators
- Oxygen therapy
- How an oxygen concentrator works
- Portable oxygen concentrators
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic
- Manufacturers of oxygen concentrators
- Artificial Ventilation
Module 10 - Heart-Lung Support Systems
Biomedical instruments are also used when the heart and lungs do not function properly. These heart-lung support systems support or mimic the working of the heart and lungs in the case of life-threatening conditions, surgeries, or organ damage. It is important for learners to understand the working of biomedical instruments involved in supporting the cardiovascular and respiratory system.
This module will cover
- Cardiopulmonary bypass
- What cardiopulmonary bypass is and when it is needed
- Applications of CPB
- Block diagram and functioning of CPB
- Components of the heart-lung machine
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
- What an ECMO machine is and when it is used
- Applications of ECMO
- Types of ECMO
- Ventricular assist devices (VAD)
- What is a VAD and when is it used
- Application of VAD
- Types of VAD
- Artificial heart
Module 11 - Medical Robotics
Medical robots are used in the medical field to perform certain actions that would otherwise have to be done by surgeons. There are different types of medical robots, each having their own role. For instance, surgical robots are used in minimally invasive medical procedures for the precision and control they bring to the table. It is important for learners to understand the basics of medical robots and the different types.
This module will cover
- Medical Robots
- Surgical Robots
- Applications of Surgical Robots
- Rehabilitation Robots
- Robotic Prosthesis
- Patient-assist Robots
- Pharmacy Automation
- Disinfection Robot
- Endoscopy Robot
- Microrobots and Nanorobots
- Clinical Training Robots
Module 12 - Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Safety Guidelines, and Job Roles
Advancements in the artificial intelligence domain have extended into the healthcare industry as there are machine learning algorithms used to study and understand medical data. However, before any medical device is released in the market, it has to be standardized and deemed safe for clinical applications. It is important for learners to understand the standards medical devices are held to, developments in the medical technology industry, and the opportunities they have in it.
This module will cover
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare
- What AI is
- Rise of AI in healthcare
- Common AI terms
- Clinical applications of AI
- System applications of AI
- Healthcare AI in industry
- Ethical concerns in medical research
- Regulations
- Medical device classification
- Indian standards
- FDA standards
- EU standards
- General safety and maintenance guidelines for medical devices
- Need for safety and maintenance
- Preoperation setup and calibration
- Perioperative care
- Postoperative cleaning
- Job roles in the healthcare field
Our courses have been designed by industry experts to help students achieve their dream careers
Industry Projects
Our projects are designed by experts in the industry to reflect industry standards. By working through our projects, Learners will gain a practical understanding of what they will take on at a larger-scale in the industry. In total, there are 2 Projects that are available in this program.
Multi-Parameter Patient Monitoring System
Learners are required to design a multi-parameter physiological monitoring system. The design should explain the physiological signals selected with specifications, a schematic diagram of the multi-parameter monitoring system, safety requirements, and how the design is qualified. They are also to draw the layout of the display screen, and show how the data will be acquired and stored. In addition to this, learners will have to design an ICU with beds using the multi-parameter monitor and how it will network with other devices. They will also have to design a central nursing station.
Robotic Surgery for Kidney Transplantation
Learners are required to write a report on robotic surgeries for kidney transplantation. The analysis should include specific requirements, the surgical robot used and the procedure it follows (with a block diagram), a flow chart of the procedure, and the tasks performed by AI used in robotic kidney transplantation. Learners are also required to include the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative steps taken to ensure a successful surgery. They must also detail the ethical concerns and regulation of a kidney transplant procedure, and mention the machine classifications and IEC 60601 standards applied to the equipment.
Our courses have been designed by industry experts to help students achieve their dream careers
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Instructors profiles
Our courses are designed by leading academicians and experienced industry professionals.
1 industry expert
Our instructors are industry experts along with a passion to teach.
13 years in the experience range
Instructors with 13 years extensive industry experience.
Areas of expertise
- Medical device
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