The Basics of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation

Technology has come a long way in recent years, and one of the most impressive advancements is electronic measurement and instrumentation. This article looks closely at what this technology entails and how it can be used to make measuring processes more accurate and efficient.

Introduction to Electronic Measurement

As electronic devices become more prevalent in society, it is important to understand how they work. This section will introduce you to the basics of electronic measurement.

The electronic measurement uses devices to measure physical quantities such as voltage, current, and resistance. 

Why is electronic measurement important? 

Because it allows us to take accurate measurements of these physical quantities without relying on more traditional methods, such as using a meter stick or a ruler.

When taking measurements with any type of device, it is important to consider the accuracy and precision of the device. Accuracy refers to how close the measured value is to the actual value, while precision refers to how repeatable the measurements are.

 

Types of Electronic Instruments

There are four types of electronic instruments:

1. Oscilloscopes: An oscilloscope is used to measure voltage and time. It can be used to measure the waveforms of electrical signals.

2. Multimeters: A multimeter measures voltage, current, and resistance. It can be used to test circuits and measure the performance of electronic devices.
3. Signal generators: A signal generator generates electrical signals. It can be used to test circuits and create waveforms for analysis.
4. Logic analysers: A logic analyser is used to analyse digital data. It can be used to test digital circuits and verify the functionality of digital devices.

Calibration and Maintenance of Instruments

The electronic measurement of physical quantities is based on converting the measured quantity into an electrical signal. Electronic instruments process this signal to provide a numerical value or display reading of the measured quantity.

Electronic instruments must be regularly calibrated and maintained to ensure reliable and accurate measurements. Calibration is adjusting an instrument to correct its readings within specified tolerances. Regular maintenance of an instrument is needed to keep it in good working order.

Voltmeters measure voltage or the difference in electrical potential between two points. A known voltage source is connected to the instrument to calibrate a voltmeter, and the meter is adjusted until it reads the correct value. Voltmeters must be regularly recalibrated as they can drift out of tolerance over time.

Ammeters are used to measure the electric current flowing through a circuit. A known current source is connected to the instrument to calibrate an ammeter, and the meter is adjusted until it reads the correct value. Ammeters must be regularly recalibrated as they can drift out of tolerance over time. 

Ohmmeters are used to measure resistance. It is used only when the unit has been disconnected from its original circuit. To make circuit comparisons, an internal battery is used.

Applications of Electronic Measurement:

Various electronic measurement applications range from scientific research to industrial quality control. In scientific research, electronic measurements are used to study the behaviour of particles and waves and test theories and models. Industrial quality control applications use electronic measurements to ensure that products meet specifications and standards. Other common applications include measuring the performance of electronic devices and circuits and troubleshooting and repairing electronic equipment.

Safety Protocols

Here are a few of the safety measures taken while using electronic instruments:

1. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety glasses, gloves, and appropriate clothing when working with electronics to protect yourself from electrical shock, burns, and other hazards.
2. Always use test equipment that is properly rated for the measured voltage, current, and power levels.
3. Verify that the test equipment is functioning properly before use, and perform regular maintenance to keep it in good working condition.
4. Follow proper grounding procedures to prevent electrical shock. Use a grounded workbench and wrist strap when handling sensitive electronic components.
5. Never touch or probe live circuits with bare hands or metal tools. Use insulated tools or test probes designed for the specific measurement type.
6. Avoid performing measurements on wet, damp, or humid equipment, as this can increase the risk of electrical shock.
7. Be aware of the potential hazards of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and take appropriate measures to minimise it, such as shielding the equipment or using twisted-pair cables.
8. Follow all manufacturer guidelines and instructions for the safe use of the equipment, including any specific safety warnings or precautions.

Conclusion

With the development of modern technology, electronic measurement instruments are becoming increasingly sophisticated and capable of providing more accurate results than ever before. Skill-Lync is an E-learning platform that offers courses in various domains, including electronics, electrical, mechanical, civil, and biomedical engineering. We offer courses on medical instrumentation, embedded systems, VLSI design, EV design etc. Join our courses to upskill in new-age technologies!